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Glossary

Common terms and acronyms used throughout this guide.

Term Meaning
ADIF Amateur Data Interchange Format — the standard log-file format for QSO records (exported by the panadapter, uploaded to QRZ/eQSL)
CAT Computer-Aided Transceiver — radio control protocol (Kenwood-style commands via serial/USB)
CDC-ACM Communications Device Class / Abstract Control Model — USB standard for serial ports
CQ General call to any station (not directed at anyone specific)
CW Continuous Wave — Morse code mode
dBm Decibel-milliwatts — absolute signal power (0 dBm = 1 mW); used on the spectrum scale and S-meter
DSP Digital Signal Processing — mathematical signal analysis and filtering
eQSL Electronic QSL — online service for confirming and exchanging QSO records
FFT Fast Fourier Transform — algorithm that converts time-domain audio into a frequency spectrum
FT8 / FT4 Digital modes for weak-signal HF communication (15-second vs 7.5-second slots). Both fully supported (FT4 re-enabled in v0.21.0).
GFSK Gaussian Frequency-Shift Keying — the modulation scheme FT8 and FT4 use
GPIO General-Purpose Input/Output — microcontroller pins for digital signals
I2C / SPI Serial communication protocols for connecting peripherals (sensors, displays, etc.)
IF Intermediate Frequency — the QMX presents the VFO signal at a +12 kHz offset in baseband
IQ In-phase / Quadrature — stereo representation of RF signals (real + imaginary parts)
LDPC Low-Density Parity-Check — the error-correcting code used in FT8/FT4 decoding
LoTW Logbook of The World — ARRL's online QSO-confirmation service
LSB / USB (mode) Lower / Upper Sideband — the two SSB voice modes (note: "USB" also means Universal Serial Bus, below)
LVGL Light and Versatile Graphics Library — open-source embedded UI toolkit used for the display
NVS Non-Volatile Storage — persistent memory on the ESP32 (survives power cycles)
POTA Parks on the Air — portable operating activity from designated parks
PSRAM Pseudo-SRAM — extra RAM on the Tab5 (used for large buffers like waterfall history)
QMX / QMX+ QRP Labs HF transceiver — the radio this panadapter controls and receives audio from
QRZ QRZ.com Logbook — online logbook and callsign service for uploading QSOs
QSO Radio contact / conversation between two stations
RTC Real-Time Clock — battery-backed timer on the Tab5 (keeps time during power-off)
SNR Signal-to-Noise Ratio — signal strength relative to the noise floor; the FT8/FT4 signal report
SNTP Simple Network Time Protocol — synchronizes the system clock via WiFi/internet
SOTA Summits on the Air — portable operating activity from mountain summits
SSB Single Sideband — the voice-mode family (USB / LSB)
STFT Short-Time Fourier Transform — sliding-window FFT used to build the waterfall
SWR Standing Wave Ratio — antenna impedance matching metric (1.0 = perfect)
TX / RX Transmit / Receive — keying the radio and listening
UAC USB Audio Class — standard for streaming audio over USB
USB Universal Serial Bus — physical connector and protocol (carries both audio and CAT commands). In a radio context, "USB" can also mean Upper Sideband — see SSB.
UTC Coordinated Universal Time — timezone-independent time standard for FT8 slot alignment
VFO Variable Frequency Oscillator — the radio's tuning dial / frequency setting